EDUCATION
Ph.D. (1984) State University of New York (Vision Science).
M.S. (1974) State University of New York (Vision Science, Vision Development).
O.D.(1970) University of Houston, Texas. (Optometry).
Residency (1969) Optometric Center of New York.
Contact Lenses Residency (1968), London Refraction Hospital, England.
Dip. Optom. (1967) Technikon, South Africa (Optometry).
DISSERTATION
"Stimuli for Accommodation: Size, Blur, and Chromatic Aberration"
Ph.D. Dissertation, SUNY, 1984.
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE & EMPLOYMENT
1970–72 Private Pediatric Optometric Practice, South Africa
1970–72 Lecturer, School of Optometry, South Africa
1970–72 Developed Curriculum in Vision Development and Vision Therapy, School of Optometry, S. Africa
1970–72 Consultant to Bellavista School for Children with Learning Disabilities, Johannesburg, S.A., Prinshof School for Cerebral Palsied Children, and School for the Blind and Visually Handicapped, Pretoria, S. Africa
1972–77 Clinical Instructor, Vision Therapy Clinic, SUNY, College of Optometry
1972–77 Laboratory Instructor, Specification of Stimuli, Ocular Motility, Monocular Sensory Aspects of Vision, Optics of the Eye, SUNY, College of Optometry
1974–77 Clinical Instructor, Methods of Optometry, SUNY, College of Optometry
1977–78 Assistant Clinical Professor, SUNY, College of Optometry
1978–84 Assistant Professor, SUNY, College of Optometry
1985–88 Associate Professor, SUNY, College of Optometry
1989–08 Professor, State University of New York, College of Optometry
COURSES
1970–72 Psychology of Vision – School of Optometry, South Africa
Vision Development
Vision Therapy
Graphical and Analytical Analysis of clinical data
1972–76 Specification of Stimuli Lab – State University of New York
Ocular Motility Laboratory
Monocular Sensory Aspects of Vision Lab
Optics of the Eye Laboratory
1974–75 Optometric Methods
1977 Vision Therapy Clinic
1979 Physiological Optics I Optics of the Eye
1981–82 Geometric Optics Laboratory
1983 Physiological Optics I Laboratory
1984–90 Lectures on Accommodation Vision Training Residency
1984 Binocular Vision Lectures Summer Curriculum
1984 Physiological Optics II Monocular Sensory Laboratory
1985–08 Visual Optics 1205 Lecture & Laboratory
1986–08 Graduate Seminar G135 Optics of the Eye
1997–06 Graduate Seminar G313 Stiles-Crawford Effect
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
1. Aggarwala K.R., Mathews S., Kruger E.S. and Kruger P.B. (1995) Spectral bandwidth and ocular accommodation. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 12, 450–455.
2. Kruger, P.B., Mathews S., Katz M., Aggarwala K.R. and Nowbotsing S. (1997) Accommodation without feedback suggests directional signals specify ocular focus. Vision Research, 37, 2511-26.
3. Lee, J.H., Stark, L.R., Cohen, S. and Kruger, P.B. (1999) Accommodation to static chromatic simulations of blurred retinal images. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 19, 223-235.
4. Kruger, P.B., Lopez-Gil, N. and Stark L.R. (2001). Accommodation and the Stiles-Crawford effect: Case study and theoretical aspects Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 21, 338-350.
5. Rucker, F.R. and Kruger, P.B. (2001). Isolated short-wavelength sensitive cones can mediate a reflex accommodation response. Vision Research, 41, 911-922.
6. Stark, L.R., Lee, R.S., Kruger, P.B., Rucker, F.J. & Fan, H.Y. (2002). Accommodation to simulations of defocus and chromatic aberration in the presence of chromatic misalignment. Vision Research, 42, 1485-1498.
7. Rucker, F.J. and Kruger, P.B. (2004) The role of short-wavelength sensitive cones and chromatic aberration in the response to stationary and step accommodation stimuli. Vision Research, 44, 197-208.
8. Rucker, F.J. and Kruger, P.B. (2004) Accommodation responses to stimuli in cone contrast space. Vision Research, 44, 2931-2944.
9. Kruger, P.B., Stark, L.R. and Nguyen, H-N. (2004) Small foveal targets for studies of accommodation and the Stiles–Crawford effect. Vision Research, 44, 2757-2767.
10. Kruger, P.B., Rucker, F.J., Hu, C., Rutman, H., Schmidt, N.W. and Roditis, V. (2005) Accommodation with and without short-wavelength-sensitive cones and chromatic aberration, Vision Research, 45, 1265-1274.
11. Rucker, F.J. and Kruger, P.B. (2006) Cone contributions to signals for accommodation and the relationship to refractive error. Vision Research, 46, 3079–3089.
12. Chen, L., Kruger, P.B., Hofer, H., Singer, B. and Williams, D.R. (2006) Accommodation with higher-order monochromatic aberrations corrected with adaptive optics. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 23, 1-8.
13. López-Gil, N., Rucker, F.J., Stark, L.R., Badar, M., Borgovan, T., Burke, S. & Kruger, P. B. (2007) Effect of third-order aberrations on dynamic accommodation, Vision Research, 47, 755–765.
PUBLICATIONS
1. Kruger, P.B. (1972) Vision development – the role of Optometry. South African Optometrist, 31, 29–33.
2. Berman, M.S. and Kruger, P.B. (1972) A study to determine the relationship between motor ability and achievement in children. Journal of Optometric Vision Therapy, 3, 6–19.
3. Kruger, P.B. (1975) Luminance changes of the fundus reflex. American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics, 52, 847–861.
4. Kruger, P.B. (1977) Changes in fundus reflex luminance with increased cognitive processing. American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics, 54, 445–451.
5. Kruger, P.B. (1977) The role of accommodation in increasing the luminance of the fundus reflex during cognitive processing. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 48, 1493–1496.
6. Kruger, P.B. (1978) The effect of accommodative changes on the brightness of the fundus reflex. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 49, 47–49.
7. Kruger, P.B. Brightness changes during book retinoscopy. (1979) American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics54, 673–677.
8. Kruger, P.B. (1979) Infrared recording retinoscope for monitoring accommodation. American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics,56, 116–123.
9. Kruger, P.B. (1980) The effect of cognitive demand on accommodation. American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics57, 440–445.
10. Cooper, J., Ciuffreda, K.J. and Kruger, P.B. (1982) Stimulus and response AC/A ratios in intermittent exotropia of the divergence–excess type. British Journal of Ophthalmology,66, 398–404.
11. Schnider, C.M., Ciuffreda, K.J., Cooper, J. and Kruger, P.B. (1984) Accommodation dynamics in divergence excess exotropia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 25, 414–418.
12. Kruger, P.B. and Pola, J. (1985) Changing target size is a stimulus for accommodation. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2, 1832–1835.
13. Kruger, P.B. and Pola, J. (1986) Stimuli for accommodation: blur, chromatic aberration and size. Vision Research,26, 957–971.
14. Kruger, P.B. and Pola, J. (1987) Dioptric and non–dioptric stimuli for accommodation: target size alone and with blur and chromatic aberration. Vision Research, 27, 555–567.
15. Ciuffreda, K.J. and Kruger, P.B. (1988) Dynamics of human voluntary accommodation. American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics, 65, 365–370.
16. Cooper, J., Kruger, P.B. and Panariello G.F. (1988) The pathognomonic pattern of accommodative fatigue in Myasthenia Gravis. Binocular Vision,3, 141–148.
17. Mc Lin Jr., L.N., Schor, C.M. and Kruger, P.B. (1988) Changing size (looming) as a stimulus to accommodation and vergence. Vision Research, 28, 883–898.
18. Kruger, P.B. and Pola, J. (1989) Accommodation to size and blur changing in counterphase. Optometry and Vision Science, 66, 455–458.
19. Kruger P.B., Mathews S., Aggarwala K.R. and Sanchez N. (1993) Chromatic aberration and ocular focus: Fincham revisited. Vision Research,33, 1397–1411.
20. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1994) Spatiotemporal transfer function of human accommodation. Vision Research,34, 1965–1980.
21. Stone D., Mathews S., and Kruger P.B. (1993) Accommodation and chromatic aberration: effect of spatial frequency. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 13, 244–252.
22. Kruger P.B., Nowbotsing S. Aggarwala K. and Mathews S. (1995) Small amounts of chromatic aberration stimulate reflex accommodation. Optometry and Vision Science, 72, 656–666.
23. Kruger P.B., Mathews S., Aggarwala K.R., Yager D. and Kruger E.S. (1995) Accommodation responds to changing contrast of long, middle and short spectral wavebands of the retinal image. Vision Research, 35, 2415–2429.
24. Aggarwala K.R., Mathews S., Kruger E.S. and Kruger P.B. (1995) Spectral bandwidth and ocular accommodation. Journal of the Optical Society of America,12, 450–455.
25. Aggarwala K.R., Nowbotsing S. and Kruger P.B. (1995) Accommodation to monochromatic and white-light targets. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 36, 2695-2705.
26. Kruger, P.B., Mathews S. and Aggarwala K.R. (1997) Accommodation to stationary and moving targets, Optometry and Vision Science 74, 505-10.
27. Kruger P.B., Aggarwala K.R., Mathews S., Stark L., Kruger E.S., Lee J., and Cohen S. (1997) Spectral bandwidth and ocular accommodation. IS&T/OSA Optics and Imaging in the Information Age 311-314.
28. Kruger, P.B., Mathews S., Katz M., Aggarwala K.R. and Nowbotsing S. (1997) Accommodation without feedback suggests directional signals specify ocular focus. Vision Research, 37, 2511-26.
29. Katz, M. and Kruger P.B. (1998) The Human Eye as an Optical System, In Clinical Ophthalmology, Editors: Tasman, W. and Jaeger E.A., Chapter 33, Volume I, Lippincott-Raven.
30. Lee, J.H., Stark, L.R., Cohen, S. and Kruger, P.B. (1999) Accommodation to static chromatic simulations of blurred retinal images. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 19, 223-235.
31. Aggarwala, K.R., Stark, L.R. & Kruger, P.B. (1999) Chromatic aberration stimulates accommodation in two color directions. European Optical Society Topical Meetings Digest Series:23, 61-62.
32. Kruger, P.B., Mathews, S., Aggarwala, K.R., Stark, L.R., Bean, S., Lee, J.H., and Cohen, S. (2000) Chromatic stimulus for accommodation to stationary and moving targets. In: Franzen, O., Richter, H. and Stark, L. (Eds), Accommodation and Vergence Mechanisms in the Visual System. Birkhauser Verlag.
33. Cooper, J., Pollack, G.J., Ciuffreda, K.J., Kruger, P.B. and Feldman, J. (2000) Accommodative and vergence findings in ocular myasthenia: a case analysis. Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology., 20, 5-11.
34. Kruger, P.B., Lopez-Gil, N. and Stark L.R. (2001). Accommodation and the Stiles-Crawford effect: Case study and theoretical aspects Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 21, 338-350.
35. Rucker, F.R. and Kruger, P.B. (2001). Isolated short-wavelength sensitive cones can mediate a reflex accommodation response. Vision Research, 41, 911-922.
36. Stark, L.R., Lee, R.S., Kruger, P.B., Rucker, F.J. & Fan, H.Y. (2002) Accommodation to simulations of defocus and chromatic aberration in the presence of chromatic misalignment. Vision Research, 42, 1485-1498.
37. Kruger, P. B., Rucker, F. J., & Stark, L. R. (2003). Defocus cues and accommodation [Abstract]. Journal of Vision, 3(12), 20a.
38. Rucker, F.J. and Kruger, P.B. (2004) The role of short-wavelength sensitive cones and chromatic aberration in the response to stationary and step accommodation stimuli. Vision Research, 44, 197-208.
39. Rucker, F.J. and Kruger, P.B. (2004) Accommodation responses to stimuli in cone contrast space. Vision Research, 44, 2931-2944.
40. Kruger, P.B., Stark, L.R. and Nguyen, H-N. (2004) Small foveal targets for studies of accommodation and the Stiles–Crawford effect. Vision Research, 44, 2757-2767.
41. Stark, L.R., Kruger, P.B. and Atchison, D. A. (2002). Model of the signed cue to defocus provided by a decentered Stiles-Crawford function. Optometry and Vision Science, 79(12s), 178.
42. Kruger, P.B., Rucker, F.J., Hu, C., Rutman, H., Schmidt, N.W. and Roditis, V. (2005) Accommodation with and without short-wavelength-sensitive cones and chromatic aberration, Vision Research,45, 1265-1274.
43. Rucker, F.J. and Kruger, P.B. (2006) Cone contributions to signals for accommodation and the relationship to refractive error. Vision Research, 46, 3079–3089.
44. Chen, L., Kruger, P.B., Hofer, H., Singer, B. and Williams, D.R. (2006) Accommodation with higher-order monochromatic aberrations corrected with adaptive optics. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 23, 1-8.
45. López-Gil, N., Rucker, F.J., Stark, L.R., Badar, M., Borgovan, T., Burke, S. & Kruger, P. B. (2007) Effect of third-order aberrations on dynamic accommodation, Vision Research, 47, 755–765.
PRESENTATIONS
1. Kruger P.B. (1970) Vision Development – The Role of Optometry, South African Optometric Association Seminar.
2. Kruger P.B. (1971) Vision Therapy, Southern Transvaal Branch, South African Optometric Association Seminar.
3. Kruger P.B. (1971) Diagnosis of Children with Learning Disabilities. Northern Transvaal Branch, South African Optometric Association Seminar.
4. Kruger P.B. (1972) Vision Therapy and Contact Lenses. Contact Lens Society of South Africa.
5. Kruger P.B. (1972) Vision Evaluation Symposium – Multi–disciplinary Treatment of Children with Learning Disabilities, Durban, South Africa.
6. Kruger P.B. (1974) Luminance Changes of the Fundus Reflex. Am. Acad. of Optometry Meeting, Miami, Florida, December.
7. Kruger P.B. (1976) Changes in the Luminance of the Fundus Reflex During Cognitive Processing. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Portland, Oregon, December.
8. Kruger P.B. (1977) Brightness Changes During Book Retinoscopy. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Birmingham, Alabama, December.
9. Kruger P.B. (1978) Infrared Recording Retinoscope for Monitoring Accommodation Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Boston, Mass., December.
10. Ciuffreda K.J. and Kruger P.B. (1979) Human Voluntary Accommodation Dynamics. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Anaheim, Calif., December.
11. Ciuffreda K.J. and Kruger P.B. (1980) Dynamics of Human Voluntary Accommodation. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
12. Cooper J., Ciuffreda K.J. and Kruger P.B. (1980) AC/A Ratios in Intermittent Exotropia of the Divergence–excess Type. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, December.
13. Cooper J. Ciuffreda K.J. and Kruger P.B. (1981) AC/A Ratios in Intermittent Exotropia of the Divergence–excess Type. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Fla., May.
14. Schnider C.M., Ciuffreda K.J., Cooper J. and Kruger P.B. (1983) Accommodation Dynamics in Divergence–excess Exotropia. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Houston, Texas, December.
15. Kruger P.B. and Pola J. (1983) Stimuli for Accommodation: Blur, Perceived Distance and Chromatic Aberration. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Fla., May.
16. Kruger P.B. (1983) Does Target Size Affect Accommodation? Summer Research Colloquium Series, SUNY College of Optometry, July.
17. Kruger P.B. and Pola J. (1983) Size, Blur, and Chromatic Aberration are Stimuli for Accommodation. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Houston, Texas, Dec.
18. Kruger P.B. and Pola J. (1984) Size is an Effective Stimulus for Accommodation. ARVO meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
19. Cooper J., Ciuffreda K.J. and Kruger P.B. (1984) True vs Simulated Divergence Excess Exotropia: Accommodation Dynamics. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
20. Kruger P.B. (1984) The Stimuli for Accommodation Include Size, Blur, and Chromatic Aberration. Invited presentation, New York Academy of Optometry, N.Y. May.
21. Kruger P.B. (1984) Stimuli for Accommodation. Invited presentation, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa, December.
22. Kruger P.B. and Pola J. (1985) Stimuli for Accommodation: Size and Blur in Counterphase. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
23. Kruger P.B. and Pola J. (1985) What Drives Accommodation? Changing Size and Blur in Opposition. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, December.
24. Kruger P.B. (1986) New Views on Accommodation: Dioptric and Non–dioptric Cues. Invited presentation, N.Y. Academy of Optometry, N.Y. January.
25. Kruger P.B. and Pola J. (1986) Chromatic Cues for Accommodation. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Toronto, Canada.
26. Kruger P.B. Mathews S. and Fox C.R. (1987) Chromatic Cues for Accommodation. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
27. McLin L.N., Schor C.M. and Kruger P.B. (1987) Volitional and Size Induced Changes in Accommodation and Convergence. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
28. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1987) Spatio–temporal Transfer Function of Human Accommodation. Am. Acad. Of Optom. Meeting, Denver, Colorado, December.
29. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1988) Spatio–temporal Transfer Function of Human Accommodation. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
30. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1988) The Shape of the Accommodative Response Function at Low Contrast. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Columbus, Ohio, December.
31. Kruger P.B., Stevens D. and Mathews S. (1989) Accommodation and Chromatic Aberration: Effect of Spatial Frequency. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
32. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1989) Accommodation to Low Contrast Stimuli. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
33. Kruger P.B., Stevens D. and Mathews S. (1989) Accommodation and Chromatic Aberration: Effect of Spatial Frequency. Optical Society of America Meeting, Orlando, Florida, October.
34. Kruger P.B., Stevens D. and Mathews S. (1989) Accommodation and Chromatic Aberration: Effect of Spatial Frequency. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, New Orleans, La., December.
35. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1989) Accommodation to Isoluminant Stimuli. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, New Orleans, La., December.
36. Stone D,. Kruger P.B. and Mathews S. (1990) Contrast Sensitivity with Chromatic Aberration Doubled, Neutralized, and Reversed. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
37. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1990) Accommodation to Isoluminant Stimuli. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
38. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1990) Accommodation and the Third Harmonic. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Nashville, Tn., December.
39. Kruger P.B., Mathews S., Sanchez N. and Aggarwala K.R. (1991) Chromatic Aberration and Focus: Fincham Revisited. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, May.
40. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1991) Accommodation and the Third Harmonic. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
41. Mathews S., Kapoor N., Yager D. and Kruger P.B. (1992) Contrast Decrement Sensitivity Across Spatial Frequency. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
42. Kruger P.B., Mathews S., Aggarwala K.R. and Nowbotsing S. (1992) Open–loop Accommodation: Chromatic and Achromatic Mechanisms ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
43. Kruger P.B., Mathews S., Aggarwala K.R. and Nowbotsing S. (1992) Chromatic and Achromatic Mechanisms for Accommodation. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Orlando, Fl., December.
44. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1992) Contrast Decrement Sensitivity Across Spatial Frequency. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Orlando, Fl., December.
45. Kruger P.B., Nowbotsing S., Aggarwala K.R. and Mathews S. (1993) Small Amounts of Chromatic Aberration Influence Dynamic Accommodation. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
46. Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1993) Accommodative Fluctuations and Contrast Decrement Sensitivity. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
47. Aggarwala K.R., Nowbotsing S., Mathews S. and Kruger P.B. (1993) Dynamic Accommodation is Impaired in Narrow Band Light ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
48. Kruger P.B., Mathews S., Kruger E. and Aggarwala K.R. (1994) Accommodation Responds to Changing Contrast of the Red, Green and Blue Components of the Retinal Image. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
49. Aggarwala K.R., Kruger P.B., Mathews S., Park J.H. and Kruger E.S. (1994) Spectral Bandwidth and Accommodative Function. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
50. Mathews S., Kruger P.B., Kapoor N. and Yager D. (1994) Criterion–free Dynamic Depth of Focus as a Function of Chromatic Aberration. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
51. Mathews S., Kruger P.B., Kapoor N. and Yager D. (1994) Criterion–free Dynamic Depth of Focus as a Function of Chromatic Aberration. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, San Diego, Ca., December.
52. Kruger P.B., Mathews S. and Aggarwala K.R. (1995) Accommodation and Chromatic Aberration: Stationary and Moving Targets. ARVO Meeting, Sarasota, Florida, May.
53. Aggarwala K.R., Stark L.S., Jackson K. and Kruger P.B. (1995) Control of Visual Accommodation by Opponent Color Mechanisms. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, New Orleans, La., December.
54. Kruger P.B. (1996) Chromatic Stimulus for Accommodation to Stationary and Moving Targets. First International Symposium on Accommodation/Vergence in the Visual System, Stockholm, Sweden, September. Invited Presentation.
55. Kruger P.B. (1996) Spectral Bandwidth and Ocular Accommodation. Optical Society of America Meeting, Rochester, N.Y. Oct. 1996. Invited Presentation.
56. Stark L.S., Kruger P.B. and Park M. (1996) Accommodation following Adaptation to Sine Gratings: Effect of Target Contrast. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, Orlando, Florida, December.
57. Kruger P.B., Stark L.S., Orlov E. and Leo C-K. (1997) Accommodation to Perceived Motion in Depth. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
58. Kruger P.B., Lee J., Stark L.S. and Cohen S.(1997) Accommodation to Simulations of Static Blurred Retinal Images. Am. Acad. Optom. Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, December.
59. Stark L.S., Orloff E., Leo C-K., Jackson K. and Kruger P.B. (1998) Accommodation to Looming: Changing Angular Size versus Motion in Depth. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
60. Rucker F., Khazanova N., Gleizer S. and Kruger P.B. (1998) Short-wavelength-sensitive-cones & ocular accommodation. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
61. Cooper J., Pollack G., Ciuffreda K., Kruger P.B., Feldman J., and Stark L. (1998) Accommodative vergence findings in Myasthenia Gravis. Am. Acad. Optom. Meeting, San Francisco, California, December.
62. Kruger P.B., Lopez-Gil N. and Stark L.R. (1999). Accommodation and the Stiles Crawford effect. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
63. Stark L.R., Lee R.S., Kruger P.B., Rucker F.J. and Fan H.Y. (1999) Effect of transverse colour on accommodation to static chromatic simulations of defocus & longitudinal chromatic aberration. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
64. Kruger P.B. (1999) Ocular accommodation to the vergence of light. SUNY SIVR Symposium, Invited presentation, March.
65. Kruger P.B. (1999) Accommodation to the vergence of light. New England College of Optometry, Research lecture series, Invited presentation, June.
66. Aggarwala K.R., Stark L.R. and Kruger P.B. (1999) Chromatic aberration stimulates accommodation in two color directions. EOS Topical meeting on Physiological Optics, Warsaw, Poland, September 23-25.
67. Kruger, P.B., Stark, L.R. & Hu, A.C. (2000) Accommodation to blurred vertical edges viewed through pinholes on the left or right side of the pupil. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
68. Kruger, P.B., Stark, L.R. and Nguyen, H-N. (2001) Accommodation to small centrally-fixated foveal targets. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
69. Rucker, F.J. & Kruger, P.B. (2001) The role of short-wavelength sensitive cones and chromatic aberration to step accommodation stimuli. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
70. Kruger, P.B. (2001) “How does the eye know which way to go? Signed signals for reflex accommodation. Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y. Invited presentation, July.
71. Chen, L., Kruger P. B. and Williams, D.R. (2002) Accommodation without higher order monochromatic aberrations, ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
72. Rucker F. J. and Kruger P. B. (2002) Accommodation responses to stimuli in cone contrast space. ARVO Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Fla., May.
73. Stark, L.R. & Kruger, P.B. (2002). Empirical investigation of reflex, proximal, and voluntary components of the accommodative response. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, San Diego, Ca., December.OVS, 79 (12S): 172.
74. Stark, L.R., Kruger, P.B. and Atchison, D. A. (2002). Model of the signed cue to defocus provided by a decentered Stiles-Crawford function. Am. Acad. of Optom. Meeting, San Diego, Ca., December. OVS, 79 (12S): 178.
75. Kruger, P.B., Rucker, F.J. and Stark, L.R. (2003). Defocus cues and accommodation. Invited presentation. Fall Vision Meeting, Optical Society of America, Tucson, Arizona, October.
76. Kruger, P.B., Rucker, F.J., Hu, C., Rutman, H., Schmidt, N.W. and Roditis, V. (2004) Accommodation with and without S-cones and chromatic aberration. ARVO meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May.
77. Rucker, F.J. & Kruger, P.B. (2004) Cone contributions to reflex accommodation and refractive error. ARVO meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May.
78. Kruger, P.B. (2004). Investigaciones sobre acomodacion. Invited presentation. La visión en el siglo XXI. Universidad Internacional del Mar, Águilas, Spain. September 13-17.
79. López-Gil, N., Rucker, F., Stark,L.R., Badar, M., Borgovan, T., Burke, S., and Kruger, P.B. (2004). Effect of third-order aberrations on dynamic accommodation. 2nd European Optical Society Topical Meeting on Physiological Optics, Granada, Spain, September 20-23.
80. Stark, L. R., Hartley, J., & Kruger, P.B. (2005). Extrapolation of Zernike coefficients on the assumption of circular, symmetrically dilating pupils. ARVO meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May.
81. Kruger, P.B., Rutman, H., Rucker, F.R., & Swanson, W.H. (2005). Accommodation does not respond to change in the ratio of L-/M-cone excitations. ARVO meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May.
82. Stark, L.R., Kruger, P.B., Rucker, F.J., Schmidt, N., Hu, C., Rutman, H., Borgovan, T., Burke, S., Badar, M., Shah, R. (2007). Potential signal to accommodation from the Stiles-Crawford effect and ocular monochromatic aberrations available in the shape of the point spread function. Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 48, E-5630. ARVO meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May.
83. Cho, J., Kruger, P.B., Stark, L.R., Borgovan, T., Burke, S., Badar, M., Shah, R. (2007). Accommodation to blurred edges viewed through off-center pinhole pupils. Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 48, E-970. ARVO meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May.
84. Kruger, P.B., Stark, Swanson, W.H., Rucker, F.J., Schmidt, N., Rutman, H., Hu, C., Borgovan, T., Burke, S., Shah, R. (2007). The Stiles-Crawford function for small foveal targets. Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 48, E-971. ARVO meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May.
PEER REVIEW COMMITTEES
Visual Sciences B Study Section of NIH
Special Study Section Meeting and Site Visit
Columbia University, New York, July 17, 1987
Visual Sciences B Study Section of NIH
Ad Hoc Reviewer, February 21, 1990
Visual Sciences B Study Section of NIH
Ad Hoc Reviewer, April 24, 2000
RESEARCH GRANTS AND AWARDS
Optometric Extension Program Foundation Grants, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1980–82.
Optometric Center of New York Foundation Grants, 1977–78, 1979–81, 1982–83, 1984–85.
American Optometric Foundation Grants, 1973–75, 1978–79.
National Eye Institute of NIH, Small Grant Award. RO3 EYO4217, $9637, 1982–83.
National Eye Institute of NIH, New Investigator Award. R23 EYO5901, $107,000, 1985–88.
SUNY Research Foundation Matching Funds Award. $12,250, 1985–86.
American Optometric Foundation Award. $4000, 1986–87.
SUNY Research Foundation Matching Funds Award. $25,100, 1987.
National Eye Institute of NIH. Instrumentation Grant. CO6 EYO7494, $25,100, 1987–88.
National Eye Institute of NIH. Stimuli for Accommodation. RO1 EYO5901, $485,500, 1989–94.
SUNY Research Foundation Equipment Challenge Grant. $23,280, 1990–92.
National Eye Institute of NIH. Instrumentation Program. S15 EYO8953, $5000, 1990–91.
Biomedical Research Support Grant, NIH. $2,338, 1990–91.
Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research, S.U.N.Y. $5,000, 1991–92.
National Eye Institute of NIH. Chromatic Cues for Ocular Accommodation. 32 EYO640301A1, $93,600, 1992–95.
Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research. S.U.N.Y. $3,500, 1992–93.
Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research. S.U.N.Y. $3,000, 1993–94.
Distinguished Achievement Award, New York State Optometric Association, 1994.
Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research. S.U.N.Y. $3,500, 1994–1995.
Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research, S.U.N.Y. SIVR Postdoctoral Associate Award to Dr Lawrence Stark. $30,000 per year, 1995–1997.
Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research, S.U.N.Y. $4,723, 1995–1996.
Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research, S.U.N.Y. $5,650, 1996-1997.
National Eye Institute of NIH. Stimuli for Accommodation. RO1 EYO5901, $211,854, 1997-2000.
Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research, S.U.N.Y. $1,500, 1997-98.
National Eye Institute of NIH. Stimuli for Accommodation. RO1 EYO5901-12 to 14,Total $273,000 per year, 2002-5.
Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Research. S.U.N.Y. 2003.
Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Scholarship and Creative Activities, S,U.N.Y. 2004.
GRADUATE STUDENTS
Steven Mathews Advisor, Ph.D. Dissertation Sponsor
Cathryn Neary Ph.D. Dissertation Committee Member
David Xu Specialty Area Examination Member
Ph.D. Dissertation Committee Member
Debra Stone Advisor and Masters Paper Sponsor
John Mordi Specialty Area Examination Member
Zengyu Xu Advisor
Nivian Sanchez Advisor and Masters Paper Sponsor
Abbas Khorassani Specialty Area Examination Member
Ph.D. Dissertation Committee Member
Dajin Yu Specialty Area Examination Member
Dissertation Committee Member
Sujata Nowbotsing Advisor and Master's Paper Sponsor
Karan Aggarwala Advisor, Ph.D. Dissertation Sponsor
Jeanette Meng Specialty Area Examination Member
Dissertation Committee Member
Uche Anicho Dissertation Committee Member
Frances Rucker Advisor and Master’s Paper Sponsor
Ph.D. Dissertation Sponsor
Mentor K23 grant
Matt Esperon Advisor, Master’s paper Sponsor
Vasilios Roditis Advisor, Master’s paper Sponsor
Qiang Yin Advisor, Master’s paper Sponsor
Kathy Aquilante Specialty Area Examination Member
Ph.D. Dissertation Committee Member
Sini George Specialty Area Examination Member
Ph.D. Dissertation Committee Member
Hadassa Rutman Advisor and Master’s Paper Sponsor
Jonathan Cho Advisor and Master’s Paper Sponsor
Angela Chen Advisor and Master’s Paper Sponsor
James Li Advisor and Master’s Paper Sponsor
Peter Lin Advisor and Master’s Paper Sponsor
Yinan Wang Advisor and Master’s Paper Sponsor